Monday, April 14, 2014

NSA Coverage Commended with Pulitzer for "Public Service"




The British newspaper The Guardian and the American paper The Washington Post shared the Pulitzer for public service for their coverage of the NSA's domestic spying programs (as revealed through the documents leaked by Edward Snowden).


The Prize was awarded on Monday, with the Pulitzer Board remarking that the Prize was merited through “authoritative and insightful reports that helped the public understand how the disclosures fit into the larger framework of national security” (as reported by The New York Times). 


The Pulitzers Board's remarks were no doubt carefully calculated-- the NSA and Edward Snowden are still highly contentious issues in the country today. While the Board could have remarked that the coverage revealed a secret that should not have been kept from the American public, they instead stated that "aggressive reporting ... spark[ed] a debate about the relationship between the government and the public over issues of security and privacy" (as reported in The Guardian).

The obvious connection to make with this particular tidbit of news would be to Chapter 15 in O'Connor: What is the role of the media? Should it be a watch-dog over the government? Or is the media obliged to "start conversations," as it were? Furthermore, do you think that the actions of The Post and The Guardian should be considered "public service" (is a for-profit publication really a vehicle for public service)? 


These connections are worth making, and I'd love your responses. But let's throw in some nuance: how does this story relate to Chapter 17? Specifically Elitist, Bureaucratic, and Pluralist Theory? Here are my thoughts: it's essentially impossible for the public to be involved with any policy making decisions if those decisions are kept secret. Could the "public service" the two papers performed be--in essence--including the public in policy-making decisions?

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

Down with the political donation cap (some review for the AP Gov. exam)



Image: Doug Mills/The New York Times

Today, with a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court struck down a a decades-old cap on the total amount any individual can contribute to federal candidates in a two-year election cycle (see the New York Times coverage here and watch a video from The Monitor here). This ruling is coming four years after the Citizens United case, in which the Court ruled that corporations can independently spend unlimited amounts of money to influence elections.

Prior to this ruling, campaign finance law prevented individuals from giving more than $2,600 to any one candidate and more than $32,400 to national political committees. Individuals were also barred from spending a total of more than $123,200 on political campaigns per election cycle. The majority of justices agreed that the second provision was unconstitutional.

In an excerpt from the majority opinion (representing himself and Justices Scalia, Kennedy, Alito, and Thomas), Chief Justice Roberts wrote, "We conclude … that the aggregate limits do little, if anything, to address that concern [of circumvention], while seriously restricting participation in the democratic process."

Reactions to this ruling are clearly split. Some think removing the cap will have devastating effects on democracy and allow for the corruption of politicians. Others believe it protects Americans from censorship and allows them to exercise their First Amendment rights fully.

Thinking back on our campaign finance unit, what are your thoughts? Should citizens have the power to spend their money freely, even in matters relating to politics? Do you think any regulations should be put into place, such as a notification whenever an individual donates over a certain amount? Do you think this will prevent under-the-table donations?

Tuesday, April 1, 2014

Deadline for Obamacare passes: Where are we now?



Image: Reuters (accompanies the Economist link below)

Yesterday, March 31, marked the deadline for Americans to enroll in Obamacare. The Obama Administration announced today that it had surpassed its goal to enroll 7 million Americans and has apparently enrolled at least 7.041 million. White House press secretary Jay Carney reports this number could increase dramatically once those who started enrolling but did not finish before the deadline are counted. While the enrollment target may have been surpassed, reports claim that a significant portion of users signed up last-minute. It's interesting to note the impact of celebrities on social media (Ellen DeGeneres and Pharrell Williams, among many) in encouraging Americans to sign up. 

Obviously, Obamacare enrollment has been an ongoing topic since its launch in October. While the obamacare.gov site was a roadblock in many people enrolling for coverage, I was initially surprised that so many people enrolled in the last week. I thought that the provisions of the Obamacare mandate would be encouraging. However, after reading this commentary from Time regarding the ineffectiveness of mandates is logical.

Looking at Obamacare as a whole, has your opinion changed in light of the 7.041 million people who have enrolled? Does this signal a better future for Obamacare? What provisions of the individual mandate should be changed or kept to make it more effective?

Thursday, March 27, 2014

IRS: Bitcoin is property, not currency



Image credit/info link here. (Note: this links to a Bloomberg summary/background on Bitcoin for people like me who are fascinated by Bitcoin but find the concept very hard to grasp. I strongly suggest you read this prior to commenting.)

This week, it was announced that Bitcoins would not be treated as property for taxing purposes. The Internal Revenue Sercice (IRS) will apply the rules that currently regulate stocks and barter transactions to Bitcoins. This marks the first substantive ruling from the IRS concerning Bitcoins. According to a Bloomberg report, this could reduce the volume of transactions conducted using Bitcoins. Charles Allen, the chief executive officer of BitcoinShop Inc., released a statement following the IRS's announcement. He commented, "“The implications this decision will have on the Bitcoin ecosystem are far reaching, and will be burdensome for both individual users of Bitcoins, Bitcoin-focused business and for the general adoption of virtual currencies."

According to the same Bloomberg article mentioned in the previous paragraph, Bitcoin investors will now be treated like stock investors. For example, if a Bitcoin is held for more than a year and is then sold, it will be taxed at the lower rate applicable to capital gains. The United States also allows investors with losses to subtract capital losses from any capital gains.

Zooming out from the Bitcoin tax issue, it's also interesting to consider the opinions of some well-known, trusted experts. A couple of months ago, U.S. Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke gave his "cautious blessing" to Bitcoin in a letter to the Congress. On the other hand, American investor Warren Buffett, also known as one of the wealthiest men on Earth, opposes Bitcoin, calling it a "mirage" that is best avoided. (You can also check out venture capitalist Marc Andreessen's criticism of Buffett and an address of those criticisms here.)

A couple of ideas to consider:

  1. Given what we have learned about taxes, do you think the IRS is wise to categorize Bitcoins as property, not currency? What are potential pros and cons of this?
  2. Bitcoin doesn't have a central bank. In what ways does this liberate the Bitcoin system?
  3. What is your take on Ben Bernanke's "cautious blessing"? What is your take on Buffett's "mirage" statement?
A fun cartoon from the New York Times explaining Bitcoin here.
Additional Christian Science Monitor link
Want to test your Bitcoin knowledge? Take this quiz by the Christian Science Monitor.

Calif. State Senator Leland Yee asked to resign following charges of conspiracy to deal firearms and wire fraud



Image from the Associated Press/San Francisco Examiner [file photo] (link here).

There are a lot of details emerging about this occurrence. The articles linked provide the full story and I did my best to summarize it below and present the most crucial points in this developing story.

According to court documents unsealed Wednesday, California State Senator Leland Yee (District 8: San Francisco and San Mateo County) solicited campaign donations in exchange for introducing an undercover FBI agent to an arms trafficker. Senator Yee was arrested yesterday. Prior to his arrest, Senator Yee was known for his California gun control efforts, crusade against violent video games, and transparency bills. For more information on Yee's various transgressions, check out this LA Times article.

It's interesting to observe not just the aftermath of Yee's arrest (he was released yesterday after posting $500,000 bail this Mercury News article reports) but the reactions of the public as well as his peers. The Mercury News compiled an interesting assortment of tweets from people responding to Lee's indictment (see it here). More importantly, Lee withdrew from California's secretary of state race and has apparently shaken up the dynamics for that campaign. Additionally, California's other state senators stood together in asking for his resignation (watch the video here).

In addition to hearing your reactions, I'm eager to get your opinions on the legislation ensuring government transparency that Yee was (ironically) dedicated to. You should also feel free to comment on his various legislative actions pertaining to violence in video games. You may find some helpful information on his official site.






Tuesday, March 25, 2014

Speaking of women's rights ... the Hobby Lobby contraception debate



Image source here. (Justices Sotomayor, Ginsburg, and Kagan, respectively)

The Supreme Court held oral arguments for Sebelius v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., AKA the Hobby Lobby case, today (SCOTUS blog link). In a nutshell, the Hobby Lobby case examines whether or not the rights of employees to choose and obtain birth control trumps employers' rights to religious freedom. Under the Affordable Care Act, employers are required by law to provide their employers with health insurance that also covers the cost of contraception (a potentially burdensome cost without insurance). However, the powers-that-be at Hobby Lobby disagree with this principle. The owners of the 602-craft store chain (over 13,000 employees) are Southern Baptists and have expressed their views that certain types of birth control go against their own moral principles. Therefore, they believe Hobby Lobby should not be required these forms of birth control under its insurance plans.

According to this article from the New Yorker, the Court's three female Justices made their opinions clear during today's oral arguments. Of the first 32 questions directed at Paul Clement (Hobby Lobby's lawyer), 28 of them came from the female Justices (the article shows the full breakdown of the questions). Taking the perspective of female employees, the three female Justices each pointed out fallacies in Hobby Lobby's position. One I found particularly interesting was Sotomayor's question about employers who have religious objections to health plans that cover other basic medical procedures — blood transfusions, immunizations, medical products that include pork. The other Justices all asked powerful and thought-provoking questions, which can be read in the New Yorker article.

Some ideas to consider: Whose side are you on, Hobby Lobby's or Sotomayor's/Kagan's/Ginsburg's? Do you think the female Justices are acting in a biased manner, or do their arguments sound logical regardless of gender bias? What other cases pertaining to First Amendment rights can this be connected to? What could be some ramifications if the Court ruled in favor of Hobby Lobby or the other way around?

More helpful background on the case and a very amusing photo of Scalia courtesy of U.S. News and World Report here.
Listen to NPR's story on this case here.
Click here for a column by a Fox News correspondent regarding why corporations need religious freedom.




Happy birthday, Gloria Steinem!



Image credit/copyright information available here.

Gloria Steinem, a prominent feminist and political figure, turned 80 years old today. Steinem gained notoriety in the 1960s and 1970s as a leader of the women's liberation movement and is still an active lecturer, writer, and organizer for various women's issues.

In honor of Steinem's birthday, several major news sources compiled photos and articles she has written throughout her time as an activist. This column from CNN caught my attention in particular. It uses her birthday to bring up an increasingly current topic: feminism in 2014. With celebrities like Beyoncé and Sheryl Sandberg proclaiming themselves to be feminists, a lot of Americans are reconsidering what it means in today's society and how that definition varies from person to person.

To tie this back to government and our knowledge on civil rights, it's also interesting to examine the changes that have occurred since Steinem began her efforts in the 1960s. Obviously, a critical development in women's rights would be the Equal Rights Amendment, which was introduced in the 1970s and is still seeking to be ratified by the states. We've also observed new interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause and the implementation of Title IX.

How do you define feminism? Is there a negative stigma attached to being a "feminist"? Do you support increased legislation guaranteeing equality for men and women? What are some pros and cons to enacting legislation that would guarantee equality? Is it necessary?


Putin isolated after U.S. allies agree to boycott Group of 8 meeting in Russia



This cartoon is by Stuart Carlson and was published on the Christian Science Monitor's website on March 24. It can be accessed here.

On Monday, March 24, Russia was effectively suspended from the Group of 8. In addition, the seven other member countries warned that they would impose more severe sanctions (more info on that here) if President Vladimir Putin were to expand his military presence in Ukraine. Russia, however, dismissed this move as unimportant, stating that the G8 is simply an "informal club."

To backtrack, the Group of 8 comprises eight of the most power, industrialized nations globally. In addition to the United States and Russia, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, and Canada are also members. Each year, the Group of 8 meets to discuss global issues such as energy, terrorism, and the global economy. According to this briefing on the Group of 8 by the Council on Foreign Relations, Russia has always been the odd-ball of the group. In addition to being the most recent addition to the Group of 8 (it was added in 1998 following some nudges from U.S. President Bill Clinton), it has always stood apart from the others based on its economic and political structures (neither of which really align with their Western counterparts). Since Russia has been slipping back in the direction of a more autocratic government and Russian leaders have raised concerns over their continued support of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Russia's membership in the G8 has been more contested than ever.

As the Washington Post article points out, there would be considerable repercussions if Russia's energy and banking sectors were to be targeted through sanctions ("Several European nations import more than 90 percent of their energy from Russia, which has used natural gas exports to apply political pressure in the past"). Given this information and the rest of the sanction information discussed in the other Washington Post article, what concerns or opinions do you have? On a slightly different platform, what are your opinions on the Group of 8? Is it effective based on its past actions and does it have the potential to affect change this time? Should it replace Russia with a new member? Should it expand at all?

Additional NY Times article
Old but interesting Telegraph argument for expanding G8

Monday, March 24, 2014

Redskins Owner: We're Going To Support Native Americans ... But We Still Like Our Name

The Redskins owner has commented that he is going to do all he can to keep the teams name the Redskins. The organization is often criticized for the name, since it can be considered to be offensive. Sydner, the owner, says "provide meaningful and measurable resources that provide genuine opportunities" for Native Americans. The announcement gave no financial details. Supposedly, most Native Americans don't mind the name, along with the bundle of 3,000 coats donated to them by the Redskins, as Sydner visited 26 tribes the last 4 months. So does his actions justify the commitment of keeping a name found offensive to some? 

Over 3,000 high schools have changed their name to not be associated with derogatory term. Yet 1,000 still remain, including our neighbor, the Jefferson High School Indians. Stanford University also, used to be known as the Indians.

I find it hypocritical that the Redskins say that they are supporting Native Americans yet are still committed on keep their discriminating name. They say that they are just trying to keep a tradition but how can that be justified when your teams name is immoral. But is it really discriminatory? What is the background of this specific name and many others? Who is actually hurt by this? Do you think that organizations should be allowed to pick the mascot they want because they have freedom of speech? Or is it do bad that they should be restricted in their mascot pool? 

Link 1: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/24/redskins_n_5025175.html
Link 2: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/03/24/daniel-snyder-forms-native-american-aid-organization-remains-committed-to-redskins-name/

Tragic Ending to Missing Plane

The missing Malaysian plane was just found. Unfortunately, it was discovered that the plane had crashed somewhere in the Indian Ocean. It is very unlikely anyone survived.

This is just so sad to me. To wait for so long and then find out that your loved ones died, would be crushing.  The Guardian states that some relatives of the Chinese passengers accused Malaysia and the airlines for deceiving them and the world about the search. Do you think that this is a legitimate accusation?


It is not known why the plane crashed. Some suspect pilot suicide. According to CBS Local, "The plane’s disappearance has baffled investigators, who have yet to rule out mechanical or electrical failure, hijacking, sabotage, terrorism or issues related to the mental health of the pilots or someone else on board." 


So what do you think about this situation? Do you think that the world could have done anything differently to find the plane sooner? Is this a case of bureaucratic failure, or human incompetence or just plain back luck?

Source

Muslim Brotherhood Trial: Egypt Court Sentences 529 Morsi Supporters To Death

An Egyptian Court recently sentenced 529 members of a Muslim BrotherHood to death on charges of murder. Yet not all the members were involved in the alleged killing of two police officers and attack of a police station. So how come all the supporters of the movement are being sentenced to death? The government may be desiring to make a statement to those who oppose their religion and beliefs. Killing 529 people without just cause can be considered genocide.   The government has labeled the Brotherhood a "terrorist group." However,  The Brotherhood calls themselves a peaceful group. While it has been proven than some members of the group have been involved in unjust crimes, the other certainly to not deserve this punishment. The Brotherhood has been accused on other occasions of burning down Christian churches, tearing down Sufis Shrines, and sidelining the military. So the government has countered this. There's is a religious war going on in Egypt and many neighboring countries. So do you think that the Egyptian government has the right of sentencing a so called terrorist group to death? Do you think that supporters of a "detrimental" group should be punished?

Link: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/24/muslim-brotherhood-trial-egypt_n_5019909.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular#slide=2715774

Sunday, March 23, 2014

Ethics and the Internet

The Internet complicates everything, and biomedical research is no exception.

Here is the summary (and please excuse my rather matter-of-fact summary of what is a very sad and difficult case). A young kid (Josh) had suffered from multiple bouts of cancer. He had incurred an infection, and was dying. There was an experimental drug that could help him. His parents started a huge campaign to get the drug company to give Josh the drug. The campaign was successful, and Josh is doing better.

However, other people were not able to get this drug, people who did not resort to the Internet for help. Is it wrong that Josh got the drug and they did not? Were Josh's parents smart, or were they "cheating" in a way? It is hard not to be happy that a kid is going to live. Yet how do we decide who gets such experimental drugs and who does not? If it was based upon money, that would hardly be fair. Is it right, though, to use the Internet in such a fashion?

This reminds me of the Heinz dilemma we learned about in AP Psychology. Heinz's wife was sick and dying. He could not afford the medicine that would make him better. The drugstore would not lower the price. Should Heinz steal the medicine?

Just as in the Heinz scenario, what is important is not so much what answer you give, but the reasons behind your answer. So I am curious to hear your thoughts on this issue.

Source

Fan with perfect NCAA bracket missed shot at $1B prize


One man had a chance of winning the 1 billion dollar perfect prize, he predicted Syracuse to be beaten by Dayton, and Mercer beating Duke. It was honestly insane that he made it this far with the ridiculous amount of upsets that have happened so far this year. Yet this weekend his dreams were crushed when Stanford upset Kansas. Now no one is in the running for the jackpot this year. Even if you are not in college basketball you know about the "bracket" and have likely created one in APUSH. Obtaining a perfect March Madness bracket is less likely then getting the winning power ball ticket.  For those out there with brackets, or even without I wanted to ask a couple of questions relating to behavioral economics. Do you think that if you won the 1 billion dollar prize that you would have long-term or short-term happiness?



http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2014/03/23/fan-with-perfect-ncaa-bracket-missed-shot-at-1b-prize/

Saturday, March 22, 2014

The Price of College Sports

A return to the world of the economics of sports. This time, college sports. A recent Washington Post-ABC News poll found that only 33% of Americans support paying college athletes. Some argue that universities can spend millions of dollars on coaches, so they can pay for athletes. Others argue that athletics are part of the college experience, and players do it because they enjoy paying, not to get paid.


From an economics standpoint, there is now basically a price ceiling on the amount colleges can "pay" athletes, since they can only provide scholarships. If colleges could pay students, do you think there would be more competition over student-athletes? At what price do you think equilibrium would be reached?

So what do you think, should student-athletes be paid? If so, how much and should it be based upon performance?

Source from Washington Post

Thursday, March 20, 2014

Small Business, Joining a Parade of Outsourcing

There is a online marketplace where small business owners can outsource programmers to do things like design their own websites., This has recently been becoming a trend for the small business because of one primary reason. It's cheaper!
If you were a business own that might seem like a great thing since you get to save money, and the opportunity cost of finding a programmer in the United States may cost more and take more time because they maybe more busy or something like that. Regardless, it's cheaper and the freelance programmer from a low-income country gets paid more than they would if they got hired from someone within their own country.

So why could this be a bad thing if the two parties trading are both fairly getting what they want? Well one of the negative externalities is the United States economy could be hurting as result of this action. My question is do you think this is hurting or benefiting the United States? Could the GNP be affected by these actions? And would you outsource

Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/16/business/small-business-joining-a-parade-of-outsourcing.html?ref=smallbusiness&version=meter+at+5&region=FixedCenter&pgtype=article&priority=true&module=RegiWall-Regi&action=click

The Economics of Starbucks

I thought this was interesting. Starbucks has announced that they are planning on selling more alcoholic beverages later in the day. This is an effort to increase sales in the afternoon and evening.

In economic terms, what do you think of this decision? Is there enough demand for alcohol to justify Starbucks' sales? Do you think that the sale of alcohol will drive down demand for other products? Starbucks is a common spot for everything from interviews to studying. Would an increased sale of alcohol change the "atmosphere" of Starbucks as a coffee/tea/hot chocolate place? Starbucks probably gets a lot of people who sit there for a couple of hours and only buy one few dollar drink, so it may be to their benefit to sell higher-priced alcohol.

BBC Article


And for your amusement, here is an Onion article from a while ago about Starbucks (Note: The Onion is a satire website. It's articles are not to be construed as accurate depictions of real events).
 Onion Article

Wednesday, March 19, 2014

Argentina's Economic Crisis

For centuries, Argentina was considered one of the most developed South American countries. With a strong economy, it was considered a rival of the U.S., and Buenos Aires was known as the "Paris of South America." Now, however, Argentina faces a devastating financial crisis.

Argentina's peso has enormously lost its worth (further explained here) in large part due to government restrictions on its exchanges with the dollar. In response to this, the government quickly tried to loosen some of these restraints, but inflation is still high and the overall problem continues.

How should Argentina's government go about dealing with this hard time? In the past, Argentina has remained strong due to its agriculture, although there are currently disputes between the government and many farmers. Should the government insert more policies into the nation? Or should it count on its industry to bolster the value of the peso?

The article on loosening restrictions is here and a general summary of the problem can be found here

Voting "Rights"

As, one by one, all of us seniors reach our 18th birthdays, we hopefully entertain some thoughts of our impending voting rights. Just what those rights are is not as certain as we may think.

Today, a federal court upheld laws in Kansas and Arizona requiring citizenship proof if voters vote by mail. These law suits came after the U.S. Election Assistance Commission forbade states from requiring proof of citizenship. According to the Reuters article, "
In his ruling on Wednesday, U.S. District Court Judge Eric F. Melgren, in Wichita, Kansas, said that because Congress had not outlawed proof of citizenship demands by states, the commission did not have the right to prevent Arizona and Kansas from adding such requirements to voter registration forms."

Image Source: voteks.orgI also find the statement of Arizona's Attorney General interesting:'"Today's decision is an important victory for the people of Arizona against the Obama administration, assuring that only Arizona residents, and not illegals, vote in Arizona elections,' said Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne, who filed the lawsuit along with Kansas Attorney General Kris Kobach."
"[A]gainst the Obama administration?" That seems like a very partisan statement. It doesn't seem like such political concerns should be a legitimate reason for changing voting rules. However, it is inevitable that politics get intermixed in any voting regulations. How much intermixing is acceptable, though? These laws are proclaimed to be an effort to reduce the voting of undocumented aliens and residents who aren't citizens. While there is certainly some merit to those efforts (or is there?), the question arises of whether the benefits outweigh the costs. 

Do you think that such voting laws are just Republican efforts to reduce voting by minorities? Or is that an unfair allegation? What is more of a problem: that non-citizens would vote or that citizens would be prevented from voting? 
Source

Toyota Fine: Too Far or Not Enough?


After a four year investigation, Toyota has been fined $1.2 billion dollars for concealing information about faulty car parts, especially sticky accelerators, while misleading costumers with regards to safety. This fine is the largest ever for a carmaker in the U.S. The company has also had to recall millions of cars, and paid $66 million dollars in civil lawsuits. However, these payments are tiny compared to Toyota's $66 billion in cash reserves. 

"There has been a growing sense among executives that a prolonged investigation would ultimately do more damage to the automaker’s image in the United States than a settlement, people with knowledge of the company’s thinking say."

While the investigation has not yet released the number of deaths directly caused by this faulty manufacturing, the fact that the company places more emphasis on avoiding a "prolonged investigation" than on protecting human life seems disturbing.

GM is currently also being investigated; in the wake of this outcome, will the fines be enough to deter other safety violations? Or should the penalties be even harsher?

Full article is here.

Low-Wage Workers Are Finding Poverty Harder to Escape

A recent report has been shown to suggest that low wage workers are finding poverty harder to escape this past decade more so than before. While President Obama has suggested that he wants the minimum wage to increase it still stands at a measly 7.25 an hour, which about 3.5 Million make. $7.25 is the federal minimum wage, so it different areas of the United States it may be more (but not less).  While one may think that most of the people making money at the minimum value maybe teenagers working summer jobs, a large portion of the workers making this low money are an older group often supporting families.




“More than half of those who make $9 or less an hour are 25 or older, while the proportion who are teenagers has declined to just 17 percent from 28 percent in 2000, after adjusting for inflation, according to Janelle Jones and John Schmitt of the Center for Economic Policy Research.”


I think it’s insane to think that nearly 25 million workers in the United States make under $10.10 an hour. Some of these people may have received a college education to, unable to find jobs. I compare myself to these people who live under minimum wage, and although both my parents did not receive a college education, they make much more than the minimum wage of california.  My question to you is do you think that minimum wage should be increased? If yes, then why, and if no are there alternatives then other than increasing the wage to assist the lower class? Also, if incomes are increased how do you think this will affect the market?


Here is a more local supporting an increase: